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q4-scalability/calculations.md

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+# Scalability Design
+
+## 1. Architecture
+
+The application is deployed on a Kubernetes cluster hosted on Ghaymah Cloud.
+
+Incoming traffic is distributed through a Ghaymah Load Balancer across multiple application containers. The application stores persistent data using Ghaymah Block Storage, which is mounted as a Persistent Volume.
+
+---
+
+## 2. Required Number of Containers
+
+### Given
+
+- Incoming traffic = **15,000 requests/second**
+- One container handles = **500 requests/second**
+- Safety margin = **30%**
+
+### Step 1
+
+Base number of containers
+
+15000 / 500 = 30 containers
+
+### Step 2
+
+Add 30% capacity
+
+30 × 1.3 = 39 containers
+
+### Final Answer
+
+**39 containers**
+
+---
+
+## 3. Cold Start Strategy
+
+To reduce startup latency for newly created containers:
+
+- Keep a minimum number of warm replicas running.
+- Use Kubernetes readiness probes before routing traffic.
+- Pull container images in advance on cluster nodes.
+- Use Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) to scale before traffic reaches peak levels.
+- Deploy applications with rolling updates to avoid downtime.
+
+---
+
+## 4. Using Ghaymah Block Storage
+
+Ghaymah Block Storage provides persistent storage for stateful workloads.
+
+Typical use cases include:
+
+- Databases
+- PostgreSQL
+- MySQL
+- Redis persistence
+- Application uploaded files
+- Persistent logs
+
+Benefits:
+
+- Data persists even if a container is recreated.
+- Storage can be attached to new containers.
+- Reliable and durable storage for production workloads.