141 أسطر
3.9 KiB
Markdown
141 أسطر
3.9 KiB
Markdown
Task2:
|
||
|
||
Attack Scenario
|
||
An attacker successfully performed a brute-force attack against the application's login API hosted on Ghaymah Cloud.
|
||
After compromising a valid user account, the attacker accessed sensitive customer data and exfiltrated part of the database.
|
||
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
Attack Flow
|
||
|
||
Internet
|
||
↓
|
||
Recon
|
||
↓
|
||
API Discovery
|
||
↓
|
||
Brute Force
|
||
↓
|
||
Successful Login
|
||
↓
|
||
Data Access
|
||
↓
|
||
Data Exfiltration
|
||
↓
|
||
Cleanup
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
Root Cause Analysis
|
||
The attack succeeded because:
|
||
• No Rate Limiting on the login endpoint.
|
||
• Weak user password.
|
||
• No Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
|
||
• Insufficient monitoring of repeated failed logins.
|
||
• Missing Web Application Firewall (WAF) protections.
|
||
2. Incident Response Plan
|
||
Phase 1 – Identification
|
||
Objectives:
|
||
• Confirm the brute-force attack.
|
||
• Identify affected user accounts.
|
||
• Determine compromised resources.
|
||
• Preserve forensic evidence.
|
||
Actions:
|
||
• Review application logs.
|
||
• Analyze firewall logs.
|
||
• Check authentication logs.
|
||
• Identify suspicious IP addresses.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
Phase 2 – Containment
|
||
Immediate actions:
|
||
• Disable compromised accounts.
|
||
• Block malicious IP addresses.
|
||
• Enable emergency rate limiting.
|
||
• Rotate exposed API tokens.
|
||
• Isolate affected application containers if necessary.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Phase 3 – Eradication
|
||
Remove the root cause.
|
||
Tasks:
|
||
• Force password reset.
|
||
• Patch authentication vulnerabilities.
|
||
• Remove malicious scripts.
|
||
• Update security configurations.
|
||
• Scan containers using Trivy.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
Phase 4 – Recovery
|
||
Actions:
|
||
• Restore clean services.
|
||
• Monitor user authentication.
|
||
• Validate system integrity.
|
||
• Notify affected customers.
|
||
• Resume production gradually.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
Phase 5 – Lessons Learned
|
||
Conduct a post-incident review.
|
||
Questions:
|
||
• Why did monitoring fail?
|
||
• Why wasn't MFA enabled?
|
||
• Why were brute-force attempts not detected?
|
||
• Which controls should be added?
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
|
||
3. Preventing the Attack on Ghaymah Cloud
|
||
Network Security Controls
|
||
API Rate Limiting
|
||
E.G. Maximum 5 login attempts per minute/per IP
|
||
|
||
Web Application Firewall (WAF)
|
||
Configure rules to:
|
||
• Detect brute-force attacks.
|
||
• Block suspicious IP addresses.
|
||
• Prevent SQL Injection.
|
||
• Prevent XSS.
|
||
Firewall Rules
|
||
Only expose => HTTPS (443)
|
||
Restrict:
|
||
• SSH
|
||
• Database ports
|
||
• Internal services
|
||
Network Segmentation
|
||
Application
|
||
↓
|
||
Private Network
|
||
↓
|
||
Database
|
||
The database should never be directly accessible from the Internet.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Container Security Controls
|
||
• Scan every Docker image before deployment.
|
||
• Run containers as non-root users.
|
||
• Store secrets securely.
|
||
• Use read-only file systems when possible.
|
||
• Apply least privilege to Kubernetes service accounts.
|
||
• Continuously monitor container runtime activity.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
4. Alert Rule for Early Detection
|
||
Detection Logic
|
||
Trigger an alert if:
|
||
More than 10 failed logins from the same IP within 60 seconds.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
Additional Detection Rules
|
||
Alert when:
|
||
• Login attempts originate from multiple countries in a short time.
|
||
• One account receives failed logins from multiple IPs.
|
||
• Sudden spike in authentication failures.
|
||
• API requests exceed expected thresholds.
|
||
________________________________________
|
||
Recommendations
|
||
• Enable MFA for all users.
|
||
• Implement account lockout after repeated failures.
|
||
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall.
|
||
• Use centralized logging with SIEM.
|
||
• Perform continuous container vulnerability scanning.
|
||
• Conduct regular penetration testing.
|