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# CI/CD with GitHub Actions

## Chris Ayers
![bg right w:90%](./img/bg.png)

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![bg left:40%](./img/portrait.png)

## Chris Ayers
### Senior Site Reliability Engineer<br>Microsoft

<i class="fa-brands fa-bluesky"></i> BlueSky: [@chris-ayers.com](https://bsky.app/profile/chris-ayers.com)
<i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn: - [chris\-l\-ayers](https://linkedin.com/in/chris-l-ayers/)
<i class="fa fa-window-maximize"></i> Blog: [https://chris-ayers\.com/](https://chris-ayers.com/)
<i class="fa-brands fa-github"></i> GitHub: [Codebytes](https://github.com/codebytes)
<i class="fa-brands fa-mastodon"></i> Mastodon: @Chrisayers@hachyderm.io
~~<i class="fa-brands fa-twitter"></i> Twitter: @Chris_L_Ayers~~

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![bg left fit](./img/bg.png)

# Agenda
- YAML
- CI / CD
- Actions Overview
- Demos

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<div>

# YAML
## **Yet Another Markup Language**

GitHub uses YAML for workflows

Demo: [Online Parser](https://yaml-online-parser.appspot.com/)

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| Feature   | Description                       |
| --------- | --------------------------------- |
| Lists     | Start with a –                    |
| Key-Value | Key: value                        |
| Objects   | Objects:<br>Properties of objects |

</div>

</div>

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# Workflows / Pipelines

![w:1080px](./img/pipelines.drawio.png)

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# What is CI/CD?

![w:900px](./img/cicd.png)

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![bg right w:90%](./img/github-workflows.png)
# Actions Overview

- Live in the `.github/workflows` folder
- Workflows are defined in YAML
- Workflows are Event Driven

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# Events that trigger workflows
[https://docs.github.com/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows](https://docs.github.com/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows)

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- branch_protection_rule
- checks
- create / delete
- deployment
- discussion
- fork
- issue_comment
- issues
- label

</div>
<div>

- page_build
- pull_request
- pull_request_review
- pull_request_review_comment
- push
- release
- schedule
- status
- workflow_call / workflow_dispatch

</div>
</div>

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![bg right fit](./img/event-job.drawio.png)

# Workflows
- [Events](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/events-that-trigger-workflows) trigger workflows
- Workflows contain jobs
- Jobs contain steps
- Steps are commands or actions

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![bg right fit](./img/job-runner.drawio.png)
# Jobs
- Workflows can contain multiple jobs
- Jobs run in parallel by default
- Each job runs on a [Runner](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-github-hosted-runners/about-github-hosted-runners)
- Steps and Shell Commands run in sequence

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# Runners

- Specify the type of runner with `runs-on` (e.g., `ubuntu-latest`).
- GitHub provisions a new VM for each job.
- Steps in a job share information using the runner's filesystem.
- VM is decommissioned after job completion.

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# Supported runners and hardware

- GitHub-hosted runner application is open source.
- OS: Windows, Linux, and macOS
  - Runners include preinstalled software, updated weekly.
  - There are also Large Hosted Runners
- Self-Hosted Runners
- You can install additional software on runners.

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![bg right fit](./img/bg.png)
# DEMOS

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# ACT
## Run Actions Locally

<i class="fa-brands fa-github"></i>  [nektos/act](https://github.com/nektos/act)

![bg right:50% 95%](./img/act-quickstart-2.gif)

<!-- act -W .github/workflows/02-basic-multiple-jobs-needs.yml -->

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# Supply Chain Attacks

![bg fit right:75%](img/supply.png)

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<!-- _footer: "https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides" -->

# Security

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- Never use structured data as a secret
- Register all secrets used within workflows
- Audit how secrets are handled
- Use credentials that are minimally scoped
- Audit and rotate registered secrets
- Consider requiring review for access to secrets

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- Use an action instead of an inline script (recommended)
- Use an intermediate environment variable
- Use OpenID Connect to access cloud resources
- Pin third-party actions to a full length commit SHA

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</div>

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# Actions Updates - Dependabot

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<div>

- Actions are regularly updated for enhanced automation.
- Dependabot keeps GitHub Actions references in workflow.yml up-to-date.
- If newer action versions exist, Dependabot sends an update pull request.
- Dependabot also updates git references for reusable workflows.
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<br>

`.github/dependabot.yml`
```yaml
version: 2
updates:
  # See documentation for possible values
  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
    # Location of package manifests
    directory: "/" 
    schedule:
      interval: "weekly"
```

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</div>

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![bg right fit](./img/bg.png)
# DEMOS

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# Bonus - Private Networking

- GitHub Actions is triggered.
- Actions service creates a runner.
- The runner service deploys the GitHub-hosted runner's NIC into your Azure VNET.
- The runner agent picks up the workflow job.
- The runner sends logs back to the GitHub Actions service.
- NIC accesses private resources.

![bg right fit](img/private-networking.png)

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# GitHub Well-Architected Framework

![bg right fit](img/gh-waf.png)

- **Community-driven guide** for deploying GitHub effectively.
- Design principles
- Framework pillars
- Actionable, prescriptive advice

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# GitHub Well-Architected Framework

## Key Principles of the Framework

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<div>

- Security
- Scalability
- Automation
- Collaboration

</div>

<div>

- Observability
- Performance
- Governance
- Innovation

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# Questions

![bg auto](./img/background.jpg)
![bg](./img/owl.png)

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# Resources

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<div>

## Links

- [https://docs.github.com](https://docs.github.com)
- [https://skills.github.com](https://docs.github.com)
- [codebytes/github-actions-demos](https://github.com/codebytes/github-actions-demos)
- [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/automate-workflow-github-actions/](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/training/paths/automate-workflow-github-actions/)
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<div>

## Follow Chris Ayers

<i class="fa-brands fa-bluesky"></i> BlueSky: [@chris-ayers.com](https://bsky.app/profile/chris-ayers.com)
<i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i> LinkedIn: - [chris\-l\-ayers](https://linkedin.com/in/chris-l-ayers/)
<i class="fa fa-window-maximize"></i> Blog: [https://chris-ayers\.com/](https://chris-ayers.com/)
<i class="fa-brands fa-github"></i> GitHub: [Codebytes](https://github.com/codebytes)
<i class="fa-brands fa-mastodon"></i> Mastodon: @Chrisayers@hachyderm.io
~~<i class="fa-brands fa-twitter"></i> Twitter: @Chris_L_Ayers~~

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</div>

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